Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42856592›Full record

ArticleNature electronics2026

In-sensor cryptographic signature generation to link a physical process and an immutable digital entity.

Fernando Cardes, Sebastian Bürgel, Xinyue Yuan, Qianchen Yu, Arianna Rubino, Jihyun Lee, Raziyeh Bounik, Vijay Viswam, Andreas Hierlemann, Felix Franke

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature electronics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Fernando CardesDepartment of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-1880-6734
Sebastian BürgelDepartment of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Basel, Switzerland.
Xinyue YuanDepartment of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-1573-343X
Qianchen YuHOPR Association, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0009-0003-9364-0508
Arianna RubinoD-ITET Microelectronics Design Center, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Jihyun LeeDepartment of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-0135-0016
Raziyeh BounikDepartment of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-5975-5569
Vijay ViswamDepartment of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Basel, Switzerland.
Andreas HierlemannDepartment of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-3838-2468
Felix FrankeDepartment of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-5550-1222

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Data forgery and manipulation can undermine trust in areas ranging from science to journalism. Artificial intelligence will probably exacerbate this problem, degrading our ability to distinguish between artificially created data and real recordings (such as those taken with a video camera). Here we report a recording device technology that establishes a cryptographic link between a physical process (the act of recording) and an immutable digital entity (such as an entry in a public blockchain). Our approach relies on a monolithic cryptographic sensor that integrates a sensor device with a hashing unit (that continuously hashes pieces of recorded data) and a cryptographic signature unit (that signs the hashes using a public key encryption scheme). The system then uploads the signed hashes to a trusted public repository. We provide a proof-of-concept implementation with a voltage sensor for extracellular recording of cardiac myocyte field potentials that is fabricated using 180-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology.

Indexed as

Electrical and electronic engineeringInformation technology

Identifiers

PMID42856592
PMCPMC13649549

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.