ArticleZoological letters2026
Resolving species boundaries in Mediterranean Xiphinema (Nematoda: Longidoridae) through multivariate morphometrics and multilocus profiling: four new species and two cryptic complexes.
Article in Zoological letters, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As a major biodiversity hotspot, the Mediterranean Basin provides an ideal setting for advancing our understanding of the diversity patterns of plant-parasitic nematodes. The genus Xiphinema is notably diverse in Mediterranean agroecosystems, yet species delimitation remains challenging due to the presence of cryptic lineages. Here, we address this issue by integrating morphology, morphometrics, and molecular data to characterise 50 Xiphinema populations from 264 sampling sites across agricultural landscapes and natural habitats in the main olive-growing regions of the Mediterranean Basin. Our findings yielded four major findings: (i) identification of four new species, X. andalusomarocense sp. nov. X. africana sp. nov. X. alentejanum sp. nov. and X. cryptoduriense sp. nov.; (ii) discovery of two well-supported cryptic complexes by combining multivariate morphometric analyses, multilocus molecular profiling, and phylogenetic inference (X. baetica- and X. duriense-complexes); (iii) demonstration of the diagnostic value of morphological variation in size and shape for delimiting species within cryptic complexes; and iv) the generation of new ribosomal and mitochondrial sequences for 18 Xiphinema species, expanding the molecular resources available for this group. Together, these results refine the systematics of Xiphinema, broaden our understanding of nematode diversity in the Mediterranean Basin, and provide a robust framework for future evolutionary research on Xiphinema.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.