Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42855704›Full record

ArticleEye and vision (London, England)2026

Association between triglyceride-glucose indices and incident glaucoma: integrated UK Biobank and Mendelian randomization study.

Jianming Xu, Yuelan Gao, Jun Yu, Zihe Xu, Yuzhou Zhang, Chi Pui Pang, Clement C Tham, Jason C Yam, Li Jia Chen

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Article in Eye and vision (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

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9 authors.

Jianming Xu *Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F Hong Kong Eye Hospital, 147 K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Yuelan Gao *Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F Hong Kong Eye Hospital, 147 K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Jun YuDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F Hong Kong Eye Hospital, 147 K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Zihe XuDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F Hong Kong Eye Hospital, 147 K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Yuzhou ZhangDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F Hong Kong Eye Hospital, 147 K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Chi Pui PangDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F Hong Kong Eye Hospital, 147 K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Clement C ThamDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F Hong Kong Eye Hospital, 147 K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. clemtham@cuhk.edu.hk.
Jason C YamDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F Hong Kong Eye Hospital, 147 K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. yamcheuksing@cuhk.edu.hk.
Li Jia ChenDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F Hong Kong Eye Hospital, 147 K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. lijia_chen@cuhk.edu.hk.

Funding

Direct Grant from the Chinese University of Hong Kong 4054944General Research Fund, Hong Kong 14102122 & 14105320Health and Medical Research Fund Hong Kong 07180256Research Matching Grant (RMG) by the Hong Kong Government 8601668
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo evaluate the associations of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and related adiposity-integrated indices with incident glaucoma and explore potential causal evidence using Mendelian randomization (MR).

methodsThis prospective cohort study included 396,213 participants without glaucoma of European ancestry from the UK. The TyG index and four related indices, including TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI), TyG-waist circumference (TyG-WC), TyG-waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR), and TyG-waist-to-hip ratio (TyG-WHR), were assessed. Multivariate Cox models and restricted cubic splines were used to examine the association with incident glaucoma. Associations between the corneal-compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc) and retinal structures were assessed using regression analyses. The predictive performance was evaluated using extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). Two-sample MR was conducted to assess the genetic association between the TyG index and glaucoma.

resultsDuring a mean follow-up of 8.06 years, 6957 cases of incident glaucoma occurred. In fully adjusted models, higher TyG and related indices were associated with increased glaucoma risk, including TyG (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.08), TyG-BMI (HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.14-1.27), TyG-WC (HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.23-1.37), TyG-WHtR (HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.20-1.31), and TyG-WHR (HR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.12-1.21). The TyG showed a significant non-linear U-shaped association with incident glaucoma. TyG-related indices were positively associated with IOPcc, although the effect sizes were small and inversely associated with several measurements of retinal layer thickness. The XGBoost model showed good discrimination, with TyG-WHtR contributing the strongest among the TyG-related indices (C-index = 0.851, area under the curve = 0.823). MR provided suggestive evidence for an association between genetically predicted TyG and glaucoma risk (odds ratio = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.00-1.62, P = 0.046), although sensitivity estimates were not statistically significant.

conclusionsTyG-related indices, particularly adiposity-integrated measures, were associated with a higher glaucoma risk. Systemic glucose-lipid metabolic dysfunction and central adiposity may contribute to glaucoma susceptibility. Thus, TyG-related indices may serve as low-cost adjunct indicators for glaucoma risk stratification and external validation.

Indexed as

BiomarkersGlaucomaTyG indexTyG related indicesUK Biobank

Identifiers

PMID42855704

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