ArticleGenetics and molecular biology2026
mRNA-based therapies: From molecular discovery to clinical revolution.
Article in Genetics and molecular biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
For nearly 50 years, scientists have sought to exploit messenger RNA (mRNA) as a therapeutic tool, overcoming major challenges related to instability, delivery, and inflammatory reactions. A major breakthrough came with the incorporation of modified nucleosides, particularly pseudouridine, during in vitro mRNA synthesis, which markedly improved stability, translation efficiency, and tolerability. The clinical success of mRNA technology was demonstrated in 2020 with the development of highly effective and safe COVID-19 vaccines, administered to over a billion individuals worldwide. These achievements inaugurated a new era in molecular medicine. In this review, we revisit the historical development of mRNA delivery into human cells and discuss the emergence of mRNA as a gene-therapy approach. In fact, beyond vaccination, mRNA platforms are rapidly expanding toward protein replacement therapies for genetic disorders and innovative strategies for cancer treatment. We summarize advances in synthetic mRNA design and optimization, delivery vehicles, and administration strategies that enable therapeutic applications. Finally, we highlight current limitations, technological challenges, and future opportunities, emphasizing how mRNA-based technologies have become powerful tools for studying gene function and developing next-generation precision therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.