Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42853273›Full record

ArticleCancer chemotherapy and pharmacology2026

Risk factors for immune-related adverse events associated with pembrolizumab in patients with solid tumors.

Farah Shkakhwa, Farah Basbous, Dalia Shakhatreh, Kamal Al-Rabi, Nour Faqeer

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Article in Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Farah ShkakhwaDepartment of Pharmacy, King Hussein Cancer Center, Queen Rania Street, PO Box 1269, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, 11941, Jordan. FS.14348@khcc.jo.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-3759-1852
Farah BasbousDepartment of Pharmacy, King Hussein Cancer Center, Queen Rania Street, PO Box 1269, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, 11941, Jordan.
Dalia ShakhatrehDepartment of Pharmacy, King Hussein Cancer Center, Queen Rania Street, PO Box 1269, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, 11941, Jordan.
Kamal Al-RabiDepartment of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.
Nour FaqeerDepartment of Pharmacy, King Hussein Cancer Center, Queen Rania Street, PO Box 1269, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, 11941, Jordan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeDespite the widespread use of pembrolizumab, few real-world studies investigated risk factors for immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This study aimed to evaluate risk factors for irAEs associated with pembrolizumab treatment in patients with solid tumors.

methodsThis retrospective single-center study included adult patients with solid tumors treated with pembrolizumab at King Hussein Cancer Center between January 2020 and June 2024. Patients' demographic, clinical, and laboratory data at baseline and after 1 month of pembrolizumab initiation, were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for irAEs at baseline and after 1 month of pembrolizumab therapy.

resultsDuring the study period, 978 patients were included, with a median age of 60 years (range, 20-86 years). IrAEs occurred in 31.9% of patients, among whom lung cancer was the most common cancer type (46.5%). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) < 3 (odd ratio (OR) 1.58, p = 0.046) and higher programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression (OR 1.009, p = 0.006) were identified as independent risk factors for irAEs. Elevated PD-L1 expression (OR 1.007, p = 0.028), and hemoglobin ≥ 10 g/dL (OR 1.90, p = 0.021) were identified as independent risk factors for irAEs after 1 month of pembrolizumab therapy.

conclusionsOne-third of patients developed irAEs. An NLR < 3, higher PD-L1 expression, and hemoglobin ≥ 10 g/dL were identified as risk factors for irAEs. These factors may help in early risk stratification of patients receiving pembrolizumab.

Indexed as

Antibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedAntineoplastic Agents, ImmunologicalNeoplasmsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeutrophilsRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsYoung AdultAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedAntineoplastic Agents, ImmunologicalpembrolizumabImmune-checkpoint inhibitorsImmune-related adverse eventsPD-1 inhibitorsPembrolizumabPredictive biomarkersSolid tumors

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PMID42853273

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.