ArticleAnesthesiology research and practice2026
Effect of Intrathecal Bupivacaine Temperature Variation on Prophylaxis of Shivering in Urologic Patients Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia.
Article in Anesthesiology research and practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Postspinal shivering is a frequent complication of spinal anesthesia (SA) and is particularly relevant in urological procedures, where perioperative heat loss can be exacerbated by irrigation fluids. Modifying the temperature of the intrathecal local anesthetic may affect thermoregulatory responses and the properties of the blockade. Methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was conducted in 96 patients (ASA I-II, aged 18-60 years) undergoing elective urological procedures under SA. Participants received intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (15 mg) combined with fentanyl 25 μg at one of three temperatures: 4°C (cold; Results: Cold bupivacaine demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of clinically significant shivering (Grade ≥ 3) (81.3%) compared with the room-temperature (34.4%) and warm (25%) groups ( Conclusion: Warmed intrathecal bupivacaine significantly reduces PSS incidence and severity while optimizing block characteristics without compromising safety in urological patients.
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