ArticleACS omega2026
Valorization of Modified Residual Durain Peel Biochar Loaded in Composite Beads for Enhancing Cu(II) Removal: Optimization and Performance Evaluation.
Article in ACS omega, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Sustainable wastewater treatment requires the development of efficient adsorbents derived from agricultural residues. The durian peel biochar (B-DP) was proposed as a residual biomass adsorbent for such purposes. In this study, B-DP was activated its functional groups using potassium hydroxide (KOH) prior to immobilization within a pectin/cellulose as modified durian peel biochar (mB-DP) composite beads for the removal of Cu-(II) from aqueous solutions. The surface functional groups and morphology were characterized using FTIR, BET, and SEM, respectively. The results confirmed an enhancement of oxygen-containing functional groups and the formation of a porous structure of mB-DP. The sufficient pH values for the removal and adsorption of Cu-(II) were 5.4 and 4, respectively. The pH at the point of zero charge of mB-DP was estimated to be 3.7. Kinetic analysis revealed that Cu-(II) adsorption followed the pseudo-first-order model, indicating that the adsorption process relied on an unoccupied site on the adsorbent. The effects of initial Cu-(II) concentration (50-150 ppm), contact time (2-5 h), and adsorbent dosage (2-5 g/L) were optimized using central composite design coupled with response surface methodology. ANOVA results identified adsorbent dosage as the most significant factor for removal efficiency (
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