ReviewFrontiers in neurology2026
Inflammatory profiling for precision neurorehabilitation after traumatic brain injury and stroke: a narrative review.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke is heterogeneous, even among patients with similar lesion burden, clinical severity, and rehabilitation exposure. Neuroinflammation is a biologically plausible contributor, but evidence that inflammatory state modifies the effect of a specific rehabilitation treatment remains limited. Methods: This structured narrative review, informed by the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA), evaluates inflammatory biomarkers as candidate modifiers of response to therapeutic exercise, robotics, virtual reality (VR), telerehabilitation, and non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS). PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception through March 23, 2026. Eligibility, selection logic, evidence charting, and a population, intervention, comparator, and outcome framework are reported in tabular Supplementary Material. Evidence was classified as direct interventional, observational human, preclinical or mechanistic, or conceptual inference. Results: Inflammatory state is not a simple harmful vs. beneficial binary: timing, persistence, cellular context, structural reserve, systemic physiology, and treatment dose shape interpretation. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid markers, including interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament light chain, and composite immune indices, can support clinically meaningful, longitudinal biological phenotyping, but sampling and assay heterogeneity limit clinical translation. A small randomized stroke study linking very early exercise, serial inflammatory changes, and functional outcomes provides emerging direct evidence, although it did not establish biomarker-defined treatment effect modification. For stroke, human biomarker and rehabilitation evidence is comparatively developed, but prospective interaction testing remains scarce. For TBI, evidence is substantially weaker and predominantly indirect or mechanistic. Discussion: Accordingly, the proposed multimodal framework is a hypothesis for prospective trial enrichment, not a validated treatment matching algorithm. Its clinical value depends on standardized serial sampling, dose documentation, rehabilitation-specific outcomes, and externally validated prospective interaction testing within conditions. No single blood test or panel can currently identify rehabilitation responders, and inflammation-guided treatment assignment is not ready for routine care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.