ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2026
HCMV-encoded miRNAs in an EV-enriched plasma particle fraction as candidate biomarkers of HCMV DNAemia.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Extracellular vesicle-enriched plasma particle fractions may contain viral and host RNA species that reflect infection-associated changes. However, whether HCMV-encoded miRNAs detected in circulating particle fractions are associated with HCMV DNAemia remains incompletely understood. This study analyzed selected HCMV-encoded miRNAs in an ExoQuick-derived EV-enriched plasma precipitate from patients with HCMV DNAemia and DNA-low, IgG-positive controls. Methods: Plasma samples were collected from 41 patients with HCMV DNAemia, defined as HCMV DNA > 500 IU/mL, and 43 DNA-low, IgG-positive controls, defined as HCMV DNA < 500 IU/mL with HCMV IgG positivity and IgM negativity. Eight HCMV miRNAs were quantified using stem-loop RT-qPCR. HCMV DNA was measured by qPCR. A longitudinal series of 30 samples from seven treated patients was analyzed exploratorily. Results: TEM and NTA showed that the ExoQuick-derived preparations contained vesicle-like nanoparticles with round or cup-shaped morphology and particle-size distributions compatible with small EV-enriched preparations. Among the eight candidate HCMV miRNAs, hcmv-miR-US4-5p and hcmv-miR-US25-2-5p remained significantly increased in the HCMV DNAemia group after false-discovery-rate correction. Hcmv-miR-US25-1-3p and hcmv-miR-UL36 showed nominal increases but did not remain significant after correction. Exploratory ROC analyses showed modest AUC values of approximately 0.64-0.73, with sensitivities below 45%. Longitudinal patterns were heterogeneous among the seven treated patients. Conclusion: Selected HCMV-encoded miRNAs, particularly hcmv-miR-US4-5p and hcmv-miR-US25-2-5p were increased in an ExoQuick-derived EV-enriched plasma particle fraction from patients with HCMV DNAemia. These findings suggest potential exploratory auxiliary biomarker value, but definitive assignment to EV-encapsulated cargo and their utility for disease monitoring require further validation using EV-marker analysis, nuclease/protease protection assays, broader miRNA profiling, and independent validation cohorts are required.
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