ArticleRSC advances2026
Gradient multilayered RTV silicone rubber composites with carbonyl iron, conductive carbon, and ZnS for broadband microwave absorption and infrared stealth.
Article in RSC advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The integration of broadband microwave absorption, infrared modulation, and mechanical flexibility within a single material remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a gradient multilayered composite is constructed by sequentially casting condensation-type room-temperature-vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV) layers containing carbonyl iron powder (CIP), conductive carbon black (CB), and zinc sulfide (ZnS) at progressively increasing filler loadings. This architecture spatially decouples impedance matching, electromagnetic attenuation, conductive reflection, and infrared modulation. The gradient composite achieves an absorption coefficient exceeding 0.9 across 8-18 GHz, corresponding to a 10 GHz effective absorption bandwidth. This broadband performance originates from a gradient impedance matching mechanism, whereby the top low-permittivity layer admits microwaves with minimal reflection and the underlying CIP layers progressively attenuate the transmitted energy through magnetic and dielectric losses, while the conductive CB bottom layer redirects residual waves back into the lossy region for a second attenuation pass. The mechanism is verified by transmission matrix method calculations and full-wave electromagnetic simulations. The ZnS-containing layer imparts tunable infrared emissivity, decreasing from 0.781 to 0.695 (3-5 µm) as the ZnS content increases from 10 to 30 wt%, with a steady-state radiation temperature reduction of 22.6 °C relative to Neat RTV. Mechanically, the gradient composite retains an elongation at break of 73.8%, approximately 2.6 times that of the individual brittle functional layers, owing to the protective effect of the ductile outer layers. This gradient multilayered design overcomes the inherent trade-offs among microwave absorption, infrared modulation, and mechanical flexibility, offering a versatile platform for flexible multifunctional composites.
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