ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Combination of mesenchymal stem cells and cidofovir for the treatment of BK virus-associated late-onset hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a case report.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This case report describes a 22-year-old female patient who developed refractory grade IV BK virus-associated late-onset hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) on day 69 following haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. After conventional stepwise interventions-including bladder irrigation, repeated transcatheter arterial embolization, and endoscopic electrocoagulation-failed to achieve disease control, a combination regimen comprising umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and intravenous cidofovir was administered on day 84 post-transplant. Following this combined therapy, the patient's bladder hemorrhage was progressively controlled, dysuria was relieved, and transfusion requirements decreased. Macroscopic hematuria began to decrease on day 98 post-transplant and resolved completely by day 124, accompanied by a marked decline in BK viral load during follow-up. This case suggests that the combination of MSCs and cidofovir may serve as a potential salvage strategy for severe, refractory virus-associated HC and may also offer ancillary benefit in promoting hematopoietic recovery.
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