Observational studyFrontiers in immunology2026
Neoadjuvant serplulimab combined with chemotherapy in locally advanced driver gene-negative squamous NSCLC: a multicenter observational study.
Observational study in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Previous evidence demonstrated that neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy provides significant prognostic benefits for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While the efficacy of serplulimab, an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, has been well established in advanced driver gene-negative NSCLC in the ASTRUM-004 trial, its efficacy in the neoadjuvant setting remains unclear. This real-world study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant serplulimab plus chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced squamous NSCLC, with a particular focus on pathological response outcomes. Methods: This was a multicenter, retrospective-prospective, real-world observational study. Electronic medical records were retrospectively reviewed to identify eligible patients with locally advanced squamous NSCLC who received at least 1 cycle of neoadjuvant serplulimab (300 mg, Q3W) combined with platinum-taxane chemotherapy. Prospective follow-up was conducted to complete courses and outcomes. The primary endpoint was major pathologic response (MPR), and the secondary endpoints included pathological complete response (pCR), objective response rate (ORR), event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Results: Thirty patients were included (median age 64 years; 96.7% male; 86.7% stage III). Most patients received two cycles of neoadjuvant therapy (46.67%), and 80% achieved a radiologic ORR (95% CI, 61.4-92.3%). Surgery was performed on 28 patients (93.33%), with MPR and pCR achieved in 57.1% (95% CI, 39.1-73.5%) and 28.6% (95% CI, 15.3-47.1%), respectively, and an R0 resection rate of 92.9%. Compared with the historical chemotherapy group, the observed MPR was significantly higher (57.1% vs 8.9% and 11.0%; Conclusion: Neoadjuvant serplulimab-chemotherapy demonstrated promising efficacy and manageable toxicity in real-world locally advanced NSCLC. Survival outcomes require longer follow-up to assess clinical benefit.
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