ArticleJournal of assisted reproduction and genetics2026
Tracking cryogenic tank failure from inception to critical warming: a site-specific analysis of sample-storage risk.
Article in Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundCryogenic storage is essential for the long-term preservation of gametes, embryos, and reproductive tissues in assisted reproductive technology (ART). Liquid-nitrogen [N
objectiveTo characterize the progression of an induced vacuum failure from its earliest detectable signs to localized warming at clinically representative sample-storage locations, and to evaluate whether combined vacuum-integrity, N
methodsA new, unused XC 47/11 liquid nitrogen storage dewar (MVE Biological Solutions, Ball Ground, GA, USA), designated Device 7108, was evaluated under controlled environmental conditions. Baseline evaporation testing was conducted before vacuum-failure induction. During a closed-lid control trial, the dewar required 110.84 days to decline from 44.0 L of N₂(l) to depletion, corresponding to an average evaporation rate of 0.397 L/day. Additional 48-h characterization trials demonstrated N₂(l) losses of 0.7 L with the lid closed and 2.4 L with the lid open. For the vacuum-failure simulation, the dewar was filled with 45.8 L of medical-grade N₂(l) and stabilized for 32 h before a controlled vacuum breach was induced. Empty S-Cryolock® vitrification devices (Biotech, Inc., Alpharetta, GA, USA) were arranged in clinically representative storage assemblies. Vacuum integrity was not measured directly with pressure transducers. The vacuum failure was induced by creating a full-thickness perforation through the vacuum-port plug of the otherwise new, previously unmodified dewar using a 1/16-in (1.59 mm) drill bit. Changes associated with loss of vacuum integrity were assessed non-invasively from external thermal divergence. N
resultsVacuum degradation and accelerated N
conclusionsProgressive vacuum failure produced detectable changes in vacuum integrity and N
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