ArticleEye (London, England)2026
Post-treatment residual masses in orbital lymphoma: incidence, risk factors, and prognostic impact.
Article in Eye (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
purposeWe aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for residual masses (RMs) following first-line treatment of primary orbital lymphoma (OL) and identify predictors of local recurrence (LR) and systemic relapse (SR) among patients with RMs.
methodsThis retrospective study included 100 individuals with OL who received treatment and were followed for over 6 months. Clinical characteristics were reviewed, and treatment responses were assessed at 12 and 24 weeks post-treatment and at the last follow-up. Risk factors for RM presence, persistence, LR, and SR were analysed.
resultsThe mean age was 57.1 years, with a male predominance (61%) and a median follow-up of 58.2 months. Histological subtypes included extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL, n = 85), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL, n = 12), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL, n = 3). Residual masses were identified in 73% of participants at 12 weeks post-treatment. Residual mass presence was significantly associated with tumour size ≥25 mm, AJCC N1/M1 stage, and location in the posterior orbit or with extraocular muscle involvement (each P < 0.05). All LR (n = 19) and SR (n = 8) cases occurred exclusively in patients with RMs. Local recurrence was significantly associated with N1 disease (P < 0.001), while SR correlated with high-grade histological subtypes, such as DLBCL and MCL (P = 0.026).
conclusionPost-treatment RMs were common in OL, particularly among individuals with advanced-stage, large, or posteriorly located tumours. Among those with RMs, AJCC N1 stage and high-grade histology were independent predictors of relapse. Given the risk of relapse despite standard first-line therapy, intensified treatment and closer surveillance should be considered in this high-risk subgroup.
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