Observational studyRevista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo2026
Regional distribution of serological evidence of vaccine-induced immunity to hepatitis B among cancer patients in a city in southeastern Brazil.
Observational study in Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Vaccination is the primary strategy for preventing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, but its frequency remains insufficiently characterized among cancer patients. This study evaluated the regional distribution of serological evidence compatible with vaccine-induced immunity to hepatitis B among cancer patients residing in Sao Paulo city, Brazil. We conducted a retrospective observational study of adult patients who underwent hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) serological testing at the Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP) in 2023. Serological evidence compatible with vaccine-induced immunity was defined as reactive anti-HBs and non-reactive hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc). Univariable and multivariable Poisson regression analyses were performed to identify associated factors. Among 1,143 patients, the mean age was 57.4 ± 16.42 years, 61.9% were female, 60.6% self-identified White, and 76.8% had solid tumors. Overall, 26.2% of cancer patients had serological evidence compatible with vaccine-induced immunity to hepatitis B. Descriptively, the North Zone had a lower frequency than the South Zone (20.7% versus 28.9%), although regional differences were not statistically significant after multivariable adjustment. Female sex (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.23-2.27, p = 0.001) and younger age (18-39 years versus ≥ 60 years: aPR = 6.89, 95% CI: 4.72-10.95, p < 0.001) were independently associated with serological evidence compatible with vaccine-induced immunity. These findings indicate a low frequency of serological evidence compatible with vaccine-induced immunity to hepatitis B among cancer patients across Sao Paulo, particularly among older adults and men.
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