ArticleFuture science OA2026
Index-window C-reactive protein and carcinoembryonic antigen and five-year all-cause mortality in Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic White patients with colorectal cancer: a retrospective biomarker cohort study.
Article in Future science OA, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
aimsTo examine index-window carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and five-year recorded mortality by ethnicity in colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND
methodsThis retrospective University of California Health Data Warehouse cohort included Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic White adults indexed during 2012-2020 with both biomarkers measured within ±30 days and complete covariates. Linear regression modeled log(CEA + 0.1); Cox regression modeled recorded all-cause mortality.
resultsAmong 345 patients, 143 deaths were recorded. Hispanic/Latino ethnicity was associated with higher log(CEA + 0.1) (β = 0.743; robust 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.202-1.285; P = 0.007). The mortality association was nonsignificant (hazard ratio [HR], 0.723; 95% CI, 0.483-1.084; P = 0.117). Higher log(CEA + 0.1) (HR, 1.266; 95% CI, 1.174-1.366; P < 0.001) and log(CRP + 0.1) (HR, 1.134; 95% CI, 1.037-1.239; P = 0.006) were associated with mortality.
conclusionsIn this biomarker-selected cohort, Hispanic/Latino patients had higher recorded CEA without a statistically significant ethnic-group mortality difference. Confirmation requires clinically characterized cohorts with stage, treatment, biomarker timing, verified assay comparability, and complete mortality ascertainment.
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