Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42848471›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026

Nonlinear Quantum Effects Drive Grotthuss Proton Conduction in Structured Electrolytes Based on Deep Eutectic Solvents.

Benworth B Hansen, Michael S Chen, Giselle de A L E Souza, Kaylie Glynn, Alan Robledo, Emilia Pelegano-Titmuss, Katherine Hightower, Miguel Muñoz, Rathiesh Pandian, Clemens Burda and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Benworth B HansenWilliam G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0112-9300
Michael S ChenDepartment of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0767-4238
Giselle de A L E SouzaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College of City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9212-5334
Kaylie GlynnWilliam G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Alan RobledoDepartment of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0699-5128
Emilia Pelegano-TitmussDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College of City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2538-3405
Katherine HightowerDepartment of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, USA.
Miguel MuñozDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Rathiesh PandianDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Clemens BurdaDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7342-2840
Aikaterini SanidaWilliam G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3138-396X
Mark DadmunDepartment of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4304-6087
Burcu E GurkanDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4886-3350
Steve G GreenbaumDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College of City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5497-5274
Mark E TuckermanDepartment of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2194-9955
Joshua R SangoroWilliam G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5483-9528

Funding

Einstein Stiftung Berlin EVF-2023-797New York UniversitySimons Foundation MPS-T-MPS-00839543U.S. Department of Energy DE-SC0019409
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Structured electrolytes based on deep eutectic solvents (DESs) face electrochemical limitations of vehicular diffusion due to high viscosities often leading to low conductivities. Here, we demonstrate that the inverse relationship between viscosity and conductivity in DESs can be circumvented by leveraging their hydrogen bonding networks for Grotthuss proton transport. Using DESs comprising imidazole and levulinic acid, we show that the existence of extended hydrogen-bonded chains coupled with rapid reorientation of protonated imidazoles result in enhanced Grotthuss proton diffusion in these concentrated hydrogen-bonded electrolyte systems. Key machine-learning driven simulations - crucially incorporating nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) - validate our experimental findings, which classical simulations fail to capture. This study demonstrates that NQEs promote imidazole protonation, catalyze the hydrogen-bonded chain formation, and influence chain reorientation, resulting in enhanced dynamics surpassing classical predictions in structured electrolytes. While the conclusions are drawn here for a particular imidazole/acid system, they are expected to apply broadly to protic DESs that support chain-like structures and exploit Grotthuss diffusion as the primary charge-transport mechanism.

Indexed as

deep eutectic solventsdiffusion coefficientGrotthuss proton conductionmachine‐learning ab initio molecular dynamics simulationspath integrals methodproton transport

Identifiers

PMID42848471
PMCPMC13648571

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.