ArticleCureus2026
Effect of Delayed Presentation on the Prognosis of Snakebite Victims at a Tertiary Care Hospital: The Golden Hour Matters.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionSnakebite envenomation is one of the important public health problems in India, and many deaths and morbidity in rural areas are attributed to snakebite envenomation.
objectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of time from bite to hospital on clinical outcomes of snakebite patients admitted to a tertiary care centre in Uttar Pradesh. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raebareli, for a period of one year, from March 2025 to March 2026. A total of 30 envenomated patients who were confirmed to have been bitten by snakes were included and divided into four groups: Group I (patients bitten within six hours), Group II (six to 12 hours), Group III (12-18 hours), and Group IV (18-24 hours). Severity of disease, systemic toxicity, anti-snake venom (ASV) requirements, complications, and mortality were assessed.
resultsThe mean age was 28.0 years (range 9-70). Most patients were male (53.3%) and from low socioeconomic backgrounds (53.3%). Lower limb bites predominated (53.3%). Dyspnoea and drowsiness were universal (100%). Out of four deaths, one occurred in patients presenting within six hours and three deaths in patients presenting between 18 and 24 hours, with 75% mortality in the 18-24-hour group (3/4) versus 7.1% in the zero-to-six-hour group (1/14). Recovery rates were highest in the zero-to-six-hour group (71.4%).
conclusionDelayed hospital presentation is strongly associated with worse outcomes in snakebite envenomation. The "golden hour" principle is reaffirmed, and early ASV administration within six hours significantly improves survival.
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