ArticleFundamental research2026
Securing China's chromium supply through circular economy.
Article in Fundamental research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ensuring a stable and sustainable supply of chromium (Cr) has become an important global issue, as many countries rely on imports to meet their demands and Cr plays a vital role in industrial production. This study aims to address such concerns by tracing the Cr flows and stocks along its life cycle in China for the period of 2020-2023 through a dynamic material flow analysis. Scenario analysis is then conducted to project future Cr supply and demand until 2050 under various circular economy strategies. Results indicate that the total Cr flows and stocks increased slightly from 2020 to 2023 due to the stable growth of stainless-steel industry. The demand for Cr is projected to peak in 2024 as both per capita in-use stock and population approach their maximum levels. Under a combined policy scenario, China's reliance on Cr imports could decrease to 8% by 2050 if the domestic EoL recycling rate reaches the global leading level (95%) and the primary Cr resource efficiency is improved across all stages of the Cr industrial chain. Furthermore, under a technology breakthrough scenario, demand reduction and material substitution strategies could reduce import reliance to 3% by 2050. These findings highlight the critical role of circular economy strategies, including recycling, substitution, and resource efficiency improvement, in enhancing national Cr supply security. Finally, several policy recommendations are proposed to improve Cr resource efficiency.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.