ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2026
Endobronchial abnormalities and bronchoalveolar lavage findings in children with severe pneumonia and
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: We aimed to describe endobronchial abnormalities and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) findings in children with severe pneumonia and Methods: This retrospective study included 68 children hospitalized between January 2023 and December 2025. Bronchoscopic and BALF findings were evaluated in 34 children. Exploratory comparisons used nonparametric or categorical tests, with false-discovery-rate correction for 11 BALF comparisons. Results: Forty-eight children (70.6%) had at least one additional respiratory pathogen. Respiratory support was required in 34, intensive care admission in 17, and invasive ventilation in 11. The bronchoscopy subgroup was older and required less respiratory support, reflecting clinical selection. Retained secretions or mucus plugs were identified in 24 of 34 children (70.6%), bronchial casts in 10 (29.4%), and mucosal necrosis or necrosis-like changes in 6 (17.6%). Conclusion: A spectrum of endobronchial abnormalities was documented in this clinically selected subgroup, and BALF showed predominantly neutrophilic inflammation. The findings do not establish
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