ArticleImaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)2026
Head-to-head comparison of diffusion imaging markers for cognitive decline and risk of dementia: The population-based Rotterdam Study.
Article in Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a promising tool for early detection of white matter deterioration, but the optimal DTI marker for assessing risk of cognitive decline and dementia is undetermined. The aim of this study was to compare the predictive value of multiple diffusion measures for cognitive decline and dementia risk in a population-based study. We measured peak-width skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD), normal-appearing white matter mean diffusivity (MD), and fractional anisotropy (FA) in participants aged 45 years and older who underwent 1.5T MRI between 2006-2015 as part of the ongoing prospective population-based Rotterdam Study. In a head-to-head comparison between DTI markers, we determined risk of cognitive decline and dementia during follow-up, using linear regression and Cox proportional hazard models, respectively, that also include age, sex, education, and presence of lacunes or microbleeds. Of 5230 participants (mean age: 65.0 years +/-10.9 [standard deviation], 55.8% women), 286 developed dementia during a median follow-up of 9.8 years. For dementia risk, PSMD and global MD were superior regarding model fit, with the highest hazard ratio for global MD (HR: 1.74 [95%CI: 1.53-1.98])
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