ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Health behaviors of blood donors in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional comparative study with non-donors.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Blood donation is essential for maintaining a safe and sustainable blood supply. Evidence suggests that blood donors may exhibit healthier lifestyle behaviors than non-donors (the healthy donor effect), but data from Saudi Arabia remain limited. This study compared lifestyle behaviors and health perceptions between blood donors and non-donors in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 397 Saudi adults (265 blood donors and 132 non-donors) recruited between April and October 2024. Participants completed a structured questionnaire adapted from a previously published questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, and donation-related beliefs. Associations between donor status and selected lifestyle outcomes were examined using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, BMI, education, occupation, and smoking where appropriate. Results: Compared with non-donors, donors were more likely to report regular or daily physical activity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.64, 95% CI 1.26-5.53), good or excellent meal quality (aOR 2.39, 95% CI 1.20-4.74), and good or excellent sleep quality (aOR 2.29, 95% CI 1.19-4.38). However, donors also had higher odds of regular smoking (aOR 2.81, 95% CI 1.16-6.79) and current smoking (aOR 3.62, 95% CI 1.69-7.75). Most donors (84.9%) believed that blood donation benefited their general health and activity. Conclusion: Blood donors reported more favorable behaviors related to physical activity, nutrition, and sleep than non-donors after adjustment for measured confounders. However, the higher prevalence of smoking among donors indicates that healthier behaviors do not extend uniformly across all lifestyle domains, and residual confounding related to baseline demographic differences cannot be excluded. Blood donation services may therefore provide valuable opportunities to integrate targeted health promotion and smoking cessation initiatives.
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