ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026
Multi-omics profiling and cellular validation reveal distinct lipid networks of krill oil and its predicted mechanisms against insulin resistance.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Insulin resistance is a major contributor to metabolic disorders. We compared krill oil (KO), fish oil (FO), and soybean lecithin (SL) using untargeted metabolomics (UHPLC-HRMS), untargeted lipidomics (UPLC-QTOF-MS), network pharmacology, molecular docking, and a TNF-alpha-induced 3T3-L1 adipocyte model. Metabolomics detected 3,314 annotated features. In the KO versus FO comparison, 378 features were up-regulated and 593 were down-regulated in positive-ion mode, whereas 365 were up-regulated and 925 were down-regulated in negative-ion mode. Lipidomics detected 4,667 lipid-associated features and revealed distinct product-specific patterns of phospholipids, free fatty acids, glycerolipids, and sphingolipids. Network pharmacology identified 394 intersecting candidate targets, with AKT1, IL6, PPARG, and SRC prioritized as high-centrality nodes. Molecular docking was used to prioritize predicted component-target interactions. In mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes, TNF-alpha reduced insulin-stimulated 2-NBDG uptake. KO, FO, and SL increased glucose uptake relative to the TNF-alpha plus insulin group, with KO showing the largest response among the tested oils. KO also increased the
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