ArticleNanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)2026
Noninvasive Intelligent Brain-Metasurface System for Real-Time Electromagnetic Wave Manipulation.
Article in Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
A noninvasive intelligent brain-computer interface (BCI) is integrated with a reconfigurable metasurface to establish a direct neural-to-electromagnetic transduction pathway for real-time, multimodal wave control. By combining convolutional-neural-network-based decoding of motor-imagery electroencephalography (EEG) signals with threshold-based recognition of electrooculography (EOG) commands, the proposed system converts neural and ocular activities into high-speed control commands, which are subsequently implemented through an FPGA-driven dual-polarized reconfigurable metasurface for real-time electromagnetic-wave manipulation. This architecture concurrently enables beam steering, polarization conversion, and radar cross-section (RCS) reduction within a unified platform. Three distinct operational modes are demonstrated: polarization-invariant beam deflection, joint steering and polarization conversion, and broadband RCS reduction via random phase coding. Experimental results reveal a peak gain of 18.54-19.29 dBi with a 3 dB beamwidth of 12°-15° at a +20° steering angle, and an RCS reduction exceeding 10 dB across 3.7-3.85 GHz. The proposed intelligent BCI-metasurface paradigm validates the feasibility of brain-controlled electromagnetic manipulation, opening new avenues for adaptive wireless communications, immersive virtual environments, and next-generation assistive technologies.
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