ArticleResearch square2026
An iterative, user-centered design process to guide the development of a virtual reality (VR) experience that supports motivational interviewing for young adult drinking.
Article in Research square, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Brief motivational interventions (BMIs) reduce hazardous drinking among young adults, but their effects are modest, prompting interest in enhancements. BMIs may work partly by developing discrepancy between clients' current behavior and important life priorities or values. Virtual reality (VR) has been used to complement addiction treatment and facilitate transformative experiences. We developed Methods: We used a mixed-methods, build-test-refine design across three cycles with 32 hazardous-drinking young adults (ages 18-35). In each cycle, participants completed a mock BMI and reviewed a progressively more complete VR prototype, from 2D still images (Cycle 1) to a "grey box" build (Cycle 2), and finally a fully-functional version embedded in a complete BMI session (Cycle 3). Participants thought aloud while using the prototype, then completed a semi-structured interview and an online survey rating acceptability, feasibility, appropriateness, usability, tolerability, and engagement. Results: Participants found Conclusions:
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