Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42845584›Full record

ArticleResearch square2026

Maternal Antibody Interference and Hybrid Immune Responses to COVID-19 Vaccination in Young Children.

Srividhya Swaminathan, Nadia Bourdoud, Danny Hoi Tsun Chu, Suchaya Osatis, Karissa Choi, Caryl L Gay, Lakshmi Warrier, Lin Li, Corina Mong, Megan A Chidboy and 9 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Research square, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Srividhya SwaminathanDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-0750-3650
Nadia BourdoudDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Danny Hoi Tsun ChuDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Suchaya OsatisDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Karissa ChoiDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Caryl L GayDepartment of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Lakshmi WarrierDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Lin LiDivision of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-8974-4636
Corina MongDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Megan A ChidboyDivision of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Christine LinDivision of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Amayrani MoralesDivision of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Christine BlauveltDivision of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-6565-5735
Gillian Q RushDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Sirirak BuarpungDivision of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Nida OzarslanDivision of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-3235-1238
Amelia N DeitchmanDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-4722-463X
Stephanie L GawDivision of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-0891-6964
Mary K PrahlDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-0091-2731

Funding

In Vivo Imaging and Post-Mortem Study of Methamphetamine Use on Immune Dysfunction and HIV Reservoir Transcription among People with HIV on ARTRM1DA063218 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Amelia N Deitchman, Timothy Jensen Henrich · 2025 to 2026
$4.7M
Investigating the role of maternal-fetal crosstalk on neonatal immunity in COVID-19 infection or vaccination in pregnancyR01HD111582 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Stephanie Lina Gaw · 2023 to 2026
$2.8M
Determinants of Early Childhood Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 VaccinationR01HD112339 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Mary Prahl · 2023 to 2026
$2.7M
Clinical Pharmacology Approaches towards Accelerating HIV Cure InitiativesK23AI162249 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI DEITCHMAN, AMELIA N · 2021 to 2025
$957k
Characterizing Antiviral Washout and Viral Rebound during Analytic Treatment Interruption StudiesR21AI184166 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI DEITCHMAN, AMELIA N · 2024 to 2025
$426k
Mentoring translational researchers in perinatal infectious diseasesK24AI188458 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Stephanie Lina Gaw · 2025 to 2026
$412k
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation INV-017035NIAID NIH HHS K23 AI162249NIAID NIH HHS K24 AI188458NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI184166NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD111582NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD112339NIDA NIH HHS RM1 DA063218
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Passively transferred SARS-CoV-2 maternal antibody (MatAb) provides significant protection against COVID-19 hospitalization in infancy, however the impact of MatAb presence and prior COVID-19 infection on the immunogenicity and longitudinal durability of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in young children, is not known. Here, we evaluate pre- and post-vaccination and longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses of 66 young children aged six months to four years of age. We found that young children mount a robust immune response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines regardless of prior infection history. In contrast, MatAb presence at the time of vaccination significantly inhibited the induction and long-term durability of vaccine-induced humoral immunity. Post-primary vaccine IgG levels were not significantly different by biological sex or vaccine manufacturer. MatAb interference resolved by twelve months of age; strategic booster dosing or optimized primary series timing may overcome maternal antibody inhibition and optimize immunologic protection in young children.

Identifiers

PMID42845584
PMCPMC13640928

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.