Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42845268›Full record

ReviewStroke2026

Neural Repair Therapies After Stroke: II. Principles for Clinical Trials.

David J Lin, Steven C Cramer

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Stroke, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

David J LinDivision of Neurocritical Care and Stroke Service, Department of Neurology, Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.J.L.).ORCID 0000-0002-6575-9849
Steven C CramerDepartment of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.C.C.).ORCID 0000-0002-6214-6211

Funding

NSTN National Clinical Coordinating CenterU01NS086872 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · PI Joseph Paul Broderick, Pooja Khatri · 2013 to 2026
$32.3M
Validation of Early Prognostic Data for Recovery Outcomes after Stroke for Future, Higher Yield Trials (VERIFY)U01NS120910 · NINDS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Steven C. Cramer, Pooja Khatri · 2021 to 2026
$13.5M
Motor Recovery through Plasticity-Inducing Cortical StimulationUH3NS121565 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Steven C. Cramer, Jeffrey G Ojemann · 2022 to 2026
$4.5M
Telerehabilitation In The Home After Stroke: A Randomized, Controlled, Assessor-Blind Clinical Trial (The TR-2 Trial)UH3NS133283 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI CRAMER, STEVEN C., EDWARDS, DYLAN JAMES · 2025 to 2025
$4.5M
Global Brain Health Predictors of Post-Stroke Sensorimotor Recovery using AI-Enhanced Clinical MRIsRF1NS115845 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI LIEW, SOOK-LEI · 2025 to 2025
$2.9M
Defining the Neurological Substrates of Proximal Upper Extremity Motor Control and Recovery After StrokeR01NS142153 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI David J Lin · 2025 to 2026
$1.3M
NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS142153NINDS NIH HHS RF1 NS115845NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS086872NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS120910NINDS NIH HHS UH3 NS121565NINDS NIH HHS UH3 NS133283RRD VA IK2 RX004237
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Stroke remains a leading cause of human disability worldwide. Additional approaches beyond acute stroke therapies are needed to improve patient outcomes. Neural repair therapies focus on promoting neural plasticity in surviving tissue rather than modifying the acute injury; examples include behavioral training, drugs, biological therapies, and neural stimulation. This review discusses principles related to patient selection, control group design, intervention timing, choice of outcome measures, experience-dependent plasticity, use of biomarkers, and statistical considerations, each of which emerges from a review of key stroke recovery trials. Patient selection strategies may benefit from incorporating neuroimaging and neurophysiology biomarkers to ensure viability of treatment targets. Modality-specific outcome measures offer advantages over global disability scales for repair-based trials. The timing of intervention is critical given evolving poststroke biology and the existence of critical periods for plasticity. Repair-based therapies benefit from pairing with concomitant experience of sufficient intensity and appropriate type to shape and reinforce brain circuits. Consideration of these key principles is expected to improve the design of trials that aim to promote neural repair and improve function after stroke. Researchers and clinicians should attend to these factors when designing and interpreting clinical trials to maximize the likelihood that neural repair therapies will improve disability after stroke.

Indexed as

biomarkersneuroimagingpatient selectionrehabilitationstroke

Identifiers

PMID42845268
PMCPMC13667894

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.