ArticleScience advances2026
Embryos resolve the enigmatic origin of the theropod wishbone.
Article in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The origin of the avian wishbone (furcula)-present since theropod dinosaurs-remains unsolved. Its homology is still debated, with competing hypotheses proposing derivation from the clavicles, the interclavicle, or both. To obtain comparative developmental evidence, we studied ossification and pre-ossification mesenchymal condensations in a broad sample of birds and non-avian reptiles. Relative positions of paired condensations and their ossification centers support homology between the lateral arms of the furcula and reptilian clavicles. However, in the palaeognathous bird
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