Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42842593›Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

Ornamental motifs and visual concerns: Exploring aesthetic pleasure and conservation intention in architectural heritage renovation.

Han Zhang, Muhizam Mustafa, Zihao Cao, Yongchun Mao, Karima Hussein Abdulhaleem Hemida, Xiaomei Song

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Han ZhangSchool of the Arts, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
Muhizam MustafaSchool of the Arts, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5132-086X
Zihao CaoSchool of the Arts, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
Yongchun MaoSchool of Arts and Design, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China.
Karima Hussein Abdulhaleem HemidaSchool of Arts, Jeddah International College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Xiaomei SongCollege of Art Design, Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute, Yangzhou, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0765-4619

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the ongoing efforts of architectural heritage renovation, ornamental motifs serve not only as aesthetic embellishments but also as carriers of cultural symbolism. However, how their visual perception influences public aesthetic judgments and conservation intentions remains underexplored. This study focuses on two types of culturally embedded motifs - the native Chinese dragon and the imported lion - and examines their impact under two visual forms (2D and 3D) within a 2 × 2 experimental framework. A combination of eye-tracking measures and questionnaire assessments was employed with a sample of 80 participants to investigate the effects of iconographic category and visual form on four dependent variables: aesthetic pleasure, conservation intention, fixation time, and time to first fixation. Results revealed significant main effects of both iconographic category and visual form across all outcome variables. Notably, significant interactions were found in conservation intention and time to first fixation. This study advances understanding of how iconographic meaning and visual form jointly shape visual attention, aesthetic evaluation, and conservation intention in architectural heritage contexts.

Indexed as

ArchitectureConservation of Natural ResourcesEstheticsPleasureVisual PerceptionAdultFemaleHumansIntentionMaleSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID42842593
PMCPMC13645022

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.