Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42842202›Full record

ReviewInfection2026

Antifungal prophylaxis in patients with haematological malignancies receiving chemotherapy or haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Ruonan Shao, Xinyi Li, Yuqing Cui, Xiaomeng Feng, Kanchao Chen, Qingxiang Huang, Yuping Fan, Xiaolei Pei, Xin Chen, Sizhou Feng

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Infection, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Ruonan Shao *State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 300020, Tianjin, China.
Xinyi Li *State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 300020, Tianjin, China.
Yuqing Cui *State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 300020, Tianjin, China.
Xiaomeng FengState Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 300020, Tianjin, China.
Kanchao ChenState Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 300020, Tianjin, China.
Qingxiang HuangState Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 300020, Tianjin, China.
Yuping FanState Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 300020, Tianjin, China.
Xiaolei PeiState Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 300020, Tianjin, China.
Xin ChenState Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 300020, Tianjin, China.
Sizhou FengState Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 300020, Tianjin, China. szfeng@ihcams.ac.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2768-6690

Funding

Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS) No. 2025-I2M-XHCL-061National Key Research and Development Program of China 2024YFC2510500National Natural Sciences Foundation of China 82470208the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2023ZD0510400the Research Fund for Clinical Application of Amphotericin B Antifungal Agents KC2024-JX-0092-1the Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission Grant 25ZXRKSY00040
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo compare systemic antifungal prophylaxis for proven/probable invasive fungal disease (IFD) in high-risk haematology populations using randomised controlled trials, with separate mortality, discontinuation, and formulation analyses.

methodsSix databases and conference sources were searched to 2 September 2026. Bayesian random-effects network meta-analysis included RCTs with traceable proven/probable IFD definitions. Mixed-policy, setting, formulation, mortality, and discontinuation analyses were reported separately. PROSPERO: CRD420261490010 (retrospective).

resultsTwenty-one RCTs (42 arms; 6,338 participants; 363 events) informed the primary network. Versus inactive control, voriconazole (OR 0.042, 95% CrI 0.001-0.793) and liposomal amphotericin B (OR 0.335, 95% CrI 0.127-0.819) had credible intervals excluding 1. Posaconazole suspension showed favourable but imprecise estimates. No mortality comparison demonstrated clear benefit (17 RCTs; 582 deaths). Exploratory peri-HSCT analyses suggested fewer IFDs but more discontinuations with itraconazole. In AML/MDS chemotherapy, posaconazole effects were comparator-dependent. Direct evidence did not distinguish delayed-release tablets from suspension.

conclusionNo regimen was consistently superior across settings and outcomes. Voriconazole and liposomal amphotericin B had the clearest evidence versus inactive control. Posaconazole effects were comparator-dependent; peri-HSCT itraconazole showed fewer IFDs but more discontinuations. No mortality benefit was established. Prophylaxis should be risk-adapted to clinical setting, baseline mould risk, formulation, tolerability, and feasibility.

Indexed as

Antifungal prophylaxisBayesian network meta-analysisHaematological malignanciesHaematopoietic stem cell transplantationInvasive fungal diseaseNetwork meta-analysis

Identifiers

PMID42842202

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.