ArticlePhotochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology2026
Measurements of erythema effective ultraviolet irradiance in artificial tanning devices in Switzerland.
Article in Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Artificial tanning devices expose users to ultraviolet radiation and are associated with an increased risk of skin cancer. To protect users, Swiss legislation, among other requirements based on the SN EN 60335-2-27, limits the total erythema effective irradiance of artificial tanning devices to [Formula: see text]. Additionally, only UV-Type 3 devices may be used in unsupervised settings. From 2022 to 2024, Swiss cantonal authorities conducted a nationwide measurement campaign to assess compliance with the limits. For this, a portable measurement system, based on a stray-light-suppressing array spectroradiometer was developed and evaluated against precision double-monochromator measurements. The developed system achieved comparable accuracy while enabling rapid in-situ conformity assessments. Overall, 1'521 individual measurements were performed on 436 artificial tanning devices across Switzerland. While [Formula: see text] of the measured devices complied with the legal limit for the total erythema effective irradiance, only [Formula: see text] met the criteria of UV-Type 3 devices. After corrective actions on previously non-compliant devices, follow-up measurements showed that [Formula: see text] of all tested devices were compliant. The results demonstrate the suitability of the developed measurement system and reveal substantial compliance deficiencies, highlighting the need for continued inspection of artificial tanning devices.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42842137What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.