Trial reportEuropean journal of nutrition2026
Betaine supplementation modulates mitochondrial and redox-related adaptations in premenopausal women with overweight: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in European journal of nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06344377 (The Impact of Betaine Supplementation on Body Composition and Lipid Metabolism in a Group of Overweight and Obese Women), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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The Impact of Betaine Supplementation on Body Composition and Lipid Metabolism in a Group of Overweight and Obese Women
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of betaine supplementation on mitochondrial and redox-associated parameters in premenopausal women with overweight or obesity. We hypothesized that betaine enhances selected mitochondrial enzyme content and improves antioxidant defense.
methodsIn this randomized controlled trial, premenopausal women with overweight or obesity were assigned to receive anhydrous betaine supplementation (3 g/d) or a placebo condition for eight weeks. Mitochondrial enzyme content was assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), including citrate synthase (CS) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX). Redox-related parameters were evaluated in plasma; these included the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentration. Preintervention and postintervention measurements were compared between groups.
resultsA significant treatment × time interaction was observed for CS concentration in PBMCs (p = 0.043). The pre-to-post change differed significantly between the betaine and placebo groups (between-group difference in change: 102.3 μg/mg protein, 95% CI 3.19 to 201.4), although the within-group pre-post changes were not statistically significant. No significant treatment × time interaction was observed for COX (p = 0.326). Plasma CAT activity showed a significant treatment × time interaction (p = 0.003, ηp
conclusionsBetaine supplementation may selectively influence PBMC mitochondrial-associated parameters and circulating antioxidant enzyme activities in premenopausal women with overweight or obesity. The differential change in CS between the betaine and placebo groups and the increase in plasma CAT activity warrant further investigation, particularly to determine their physiological significance and underlying mechanisms.
trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06344377.
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