ReviewEuropean journal of nutrition2026
An overview of international reference values for vitamin E intake - similarities and differences in derivation.
Review in European journal of nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeThe scientific knowledge for the essential fat-soluble vitamin E (VitE) remains inconclusive. There is still a lack of valid status parameters and deficiency symptoms for insufficient intake. Therefore, the derivation of a dietary reference value (DRV) for VitE is challenging and differs between the different organizations and countries. The aim of the current paper is to provide an overview of selected international DRVs and discuss the different derivation procedures.
methodsDRVs from sixteen countries and international organizations were retrieved, compared and evaluated.
resultsThe DRVs are inconsistent in the absolute value as well as the employed concept of derivation. Due to the uncertainty of the available data some organizations did not specify a DRV. Others used plasma cut off levels or the required amount for the protection of polyunsaturated fatty acids against oxidation. Many DRVs are based on population intake data and given as adequate intake. But this approach may overestimate the VitE needs.
conclusionIn conclusion, due to missing symptoms and markers of insufficient supply, the compensation of daily losses with the consideration of the bioavailability appears to be a good basis for deriving a DRV for VitE intake. A balanced and plant-based diet (without supplements) appears to be sufficient for an adequate VitE supply.
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