Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42841735›Full record

ArticleBioinformatics (Oxford, England)2026

BioForge: a fast and safe macromolecular structure preparation library in Rust.

Tony Kan, Ted Yu, Soo-Kyung Kim, Gaoyuan Liu, Yixin C Xu, Sejun Kim, William A Goddard

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Tony KanMaterials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States.ORCID 0009-0003-8671-1152
Ted YuMaterials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-3202-0981
Soo-Kyung KimMaterials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-4498-5441
Gaoyuan LiuMaterials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-4958-5260
Yixin C XuMaterials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States.ORCID 0009-0000-7392-1757
Sejun KimMaterials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States.
William A GoddardMaterials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-0097-5716

Funding

Materials and Process Simulation Center at CaltechNational Science Foundation CBET-2311117
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

summaryBioForge is the first macromolecular structure preparation library for Rust, complementing sequence-analysis libraries such as Rust-Bio with cleaning, geometry-based missing-atom repair, protonation, and solvation as a force-field-agnostic preprocessing stage. Across 22 structures (1439-3 819 839 atoms) on a single CPU core, BioForge scales linearly in wall time (fitted N0.89) versus super-linear N1.17 for PDBFixer and N1.25 for PDB2PQR, completing the 3.8M-atom 9MJN in 5.1 s at 1.1 GB peak (PDBFixer: error, 273 GB); PDB2PQR is limited to fewer than 100 000 atoms. BioForge also compiles to WebAssembly for browser deployment and supports direct embedding into simulation and parameterization pipelines via its application programming interface. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: An MIT-licensed Rust library crate (bio-forge) and a WebAssembly package (bio-forge-wasm) extend the Rust bioinformatics ecosystem with structure preparation, both published on https://crates.io and NPM respectively; the same WebAssembly binary powers a client-side web application at https://bio-forge.app that runs entirely in the browser without a server or data upload. Source code and precompiled command-line binaries are freely available at https://github.com/TKanX/bio-forge; an archival snapshot of the version used for all reported experiments is deposited at Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21627953).

Indexed as

Computational BiologyMacromolecular SubstancesSoftwareMacromolecular Substances

Identifiers

PMID42841735
PMCPMC13657428

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.