ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
Exosomes in hypertension: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic opportunities.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exosomes have emerged as important mediators in the pathophysiology of hypertension, facilitating intercellular communication through the transfer of bioactive molecules such as microRNAs. This review synthesizes current evidence on the multifaceted roles of exosomes in hypertensive vascular damage, highlighting their involvement in endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system modulation, and renal ion transport regulation. Circulating exosomal microRNAs are identified as central drivers of inflammation and vascular remodeling, while urinary exosomes offer non-invasive insights into renal sodium handling and early hypertensive injury. Conversely, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes demonstrate considerable vasoprotective and immunomodulatory properties, positioning them as therapeutic candidates. We further discuss emerging engineering strategies, both endogenous and exogenous, that aim to enhance exosomal targeting, cargo delivery, and therapeutic efficacy. Despite progress, challenges related to biological heterogeneity and long-term safety remain barriers to clinical translation. This review underscores the dual potential of exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic platforms, while outlining directions for future research toward clinical implementation in hypertension management.
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