ReviewFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2026
From molecular evolution to the school health room: the role of community-based public health nurses (helsesykepleiere) in one health communication on cross-species influenza transmission in Norway.
Review in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses have undergone an unprecedented expansion of host range since 2021, moving from wild birds and poultry into dairy cattle, domestic cats, and other mammals, with sporadic human infections in Europe and North America (Food and Agriculture Organization et al., 2025a; Rolfes et al., 2025). This expansion is underpinned by well-characterised molecular mechanisms of influenza A virus evolution - antigenic drift, gene segment reassortment, and receptor-binding adaptation - that shape the frequency and direction of cross-species spillover (McDonald et al., 2016; Steel and Lowen, 2017; Man et al., 2026). Norwegian wild-bird and mammalian surveillance data document recurrent incursions of clade 2.3.4.4b viruses, and international risk assessments continue to describe low, but non-zero, human risk concentrated among individuals with close animal contact (World Health Organization, 2025-2026; Ytrehus et al; European Food Safety Authority et al., 2025a). Translating this fast-moving virological and epidemiological evidence into everyday protective behavior for children, adolescents, and families remains an underdeveloped link in pandemic preparedness, compounded by documented gaps in adolescent One Health literacy (Zucca et al., 2021). This mini review synthesizes current literature on the molecular basis of influenza cross-species transmission, the Norwegian epidemiological and One Health governance context, and established child- and family-oriented risk-communication frameworks, to argue that Norway's community-based public health nurses (helsesykepleiere) - who deliver near-universal, statutorily mandated contact with children and families through the helsestasjon- and skolehelsetjeneste - occupy a distinctive but underused position as One Health communication nodes (Helsedirektoratet, 2021). I outline a practical three-tier framework for translating zoonotic-influenza science into age-appropriate household guidance, critically appraise the feasibility, workload, training, and governance implications of this role, and identify priority gaps for future empirical and implementation research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.