ReviewInternational journal of pharmaceutics: X2026
Triptolide-loaded MSC membrane nanoparticles with enhanced pulmonary accumulation for the treatment of acute lung injury: from network pharmacology to experimental validation.
Review in International journal of pharmaceutics: X, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its severe form acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are critical conditions with few effective therapies. Triptolide (TPL), a bioactive compound from Tripterygium wilfordii, exhibits potent anti-inflammatory effects but its clinical use is restricted by poor solubility, rapid clearance, and hepatotoxicity. Using network pharmacology and molecular docking as hypothesis-generating approaches, we prioritized NLRP3 inflammasome activation as a key candidate pathway mediating the therapeutic effects of TPL against ALI. Based on this, we developed mesenchymal stem cell membrane-coated TPL-loaded biomimetic nanoparticles (CM@TPL-NPs) comprising a PLGA core loaded with TPL and coated with mesenchymal stem cell membranes. This coating improved biocompatibility, reduced hepatic sequestration, and enabled preferential lung accumulation, while retaining inherent anti-inflammatory activity. CM@TPL-NPs showed favorable physicochemical properties, sustained release, and improved biocompatibility. Mechanistically, they suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in LPS-stimulated macrophages, while preserving endothelial barrier integrity. In a murine ALI model, both intravenous and intranasal CM@TPL-NPs administration reduced inflammation, cytokine levels, oxidative stress, and histopathological damage. Intranasal (IN) instillation demonstrated enhanced pulmonary accumulation and therapeutic efficacy, positioning it as a promising non-invasive strategy. Importantly, the nanoformulation significantly reduced hepatotoxicity compared with free TPL. Overall, CM@TPL-NPs provide a potent, lung-accumulating platform for ALI therapy via modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, supporting further preclinical investigation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.