ArticleInternational journal of analytical chemistry2026
The Analysis of Fennel (
Article in International journal of analytical chemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Fennel ( Objective: This study aimed to comprehensively identify and analyze the chemical composition of both polar and nonpolar fractions of fennel, specifically its aqueous extracts and volatile oils. Methods: Polar metabolites, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and coumarins, were profiled using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive-plus-Orbitrap-MS), while gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was employed for the analysis of volatile constituents. Results: A total of 87 compounds were identified in the fennel aqueous extract, including 10 flavonoids, 11 phenolic acids, 3 coumarins, 1 stilbene, 14 alkaloids, 13 organic acids, 7 fatty acids, 10 amino acids, 6 nucleosides, 2 glycosides, 3 terpenoids, and 6 other components (containing 1 sugar alcohol). In addition, 13 compounds were identified in the fennel volatile oil using n-hexane and ethyl acetate as solvents, comprising 11 monoterpenes and 2 phenylpropanoids. Conclusion: These findings expand our understanding of the chemical composition of fennel and provide a foundation for elucidating its pharmacodynamic properties.
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