ReviewCureus2026
Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors on Chronic Kidney Disease Progression: A Systematic Review.
Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global health concern characterized by progressive loss of kidney function and an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, initially developed as antihyperglycemic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), have subsequently demonstrated substantial renoprotective effects that extend beyond glycemic control. This systematic review aimed to evaluate current evidence regarding the effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on CKD progression in adults with and without diabetes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar from database inception through October 2025. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and prospective or retrospective observational cohort studies evaluating kidney outcomes, including CKD progression, changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), doubling of serum creatinine, and progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 13 RCTs, eight systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and 11 observational cohort studies. Across randomized trials, SGLT-2 inhibitors consistently reduced CKD progression and major adverse kidney outcomes and slowed the decline in kidney function. Dedicated kidney outcome trials demonstrated substantial reductions in adverse kidney outcomes, while meta-analytic evidence confirmed preservation of kidney function across diverse CKD populations, including individuals without diabetes. Real-world observational studies further supported these findings, demonstrating slower eGFR decline and favorable kidney outcomes in routine clinical practice. SGLT-2 inhibitors were generally well tolerated, and meta-analytic evidence demonstrated a reduced risk of acute kidney injury among patients with CKD. Collectively, the available evidence indicates that SGLT-2 inhibitors substantially slow CKD progression and reduce adverse kidney outcomes across diverse CKD populations, including patients with and without diabetes. Their consistent efficacy and favorable safety profile support their role as cornerstone nephroprotective agents in contemporary CKD management. Further research is warranted to clarify their long-term efficacy and safety in underrepresented populations, particularly patients with advanced CKD and non-albuminuric disease.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.