ReviewEXCLI journal2026
Mesenchymal stromal cells and paracrine modulation of neuroplasticity in the central nervous system.
Review in EXCLI journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been widely investigated in regenerative medicine because of their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and reparative properties. Current evidence indicates that many of their effects are mediated by paracrine and intercellular mechanisms rather than sustained engraftment or direct neural replacement. This narrative review synthesizes how MSCs and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) may modulate neuroplasticity in the central nervous system (CNS). MSC-mediated effects include trophic and immunomodulatory signaling, mitochondrial transfer via tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), efferocytosis of apoptotic MSCs by host phagocytes, blood-brain barrier stabilization, and secondary modulation of glymphatic and interstitial fluid clearance. MSC-EVs additionally deliver proteins, lipids, microRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs that regulate inflammatory and reparative gene-expression programs through well-supported post-transcriptional and emerging epigenetic mechanisms. These processes may promote neurite remodeling, angiogenesis, mitochondrial recovery, and attenuation of neuroinflammation, and may support the clearance of neurotoxic proteins. The evidence is organized into five CNS disorder macrocategories defined by shared pathophysiological processes and overlapping therapeutic targets: cerebrovascular and ischemic/hemorrhagic disorders; neurodegenerative proteinopathies and related disorders; neurotrauma and acute lesions; autoimmune, inflammatory, and emerging disorders; and retinal diseases as CNS-related sensory disorders. Although substantial preclinical evidence and encouraging early clinical signals support continued investigation, adequately powered confirmatory trials are still needed to establish whether MSC-based thera5pies can produce durable disease-modifying effects in neurodegenerative disorders. Translation is further limited by variability in cell sources, manufacturing procedures, doses, delivery routes, potency assays, and patient stratification by disease stage and biological phenotype. A cohesive translational roadmap should therefore combine Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant production and mechanism-relevant potency testing with the 2025 International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy (ISCT) reporting framework. Finally, engineered MSC-EVs with modified surfaces or defined cargo may enable more targeted and controllable cell-free strategies for CNS repair. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.