ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
Multi-tissue miRNA networks in preterm birth: from molecular mechanisms to precision medicine.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) remains the leading cause of neonatal mortality and long-term complications worldwide, yet its molecular pathogenesis-particularly the coordinated regulation across different gestational tissues-is poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression and exhibit tissue-specific patterns in pregnancy-related tissues, including the cervix, placenta, and amniotic membrane. This narrative review provides a comprehensive and integrative overview from a perspective of putative cross-tissue miRNA crosstalk. We summarize the differential miRNA expression profiles across gestational tissues and their associations with PTB, the tissue-specific mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate inflammatory responses, extracellular matrix remodeling, apoptosis, and barrier disruption, as well as the synergistic effects of multi-tissue-derived miRNAs and their potential as predictive biomarkers. We also evaluate the current status of miRNA-based therapeutic strategies. Our overview reveals that miRNA mimics (e.g., miR-21-5p, miR-199a-3p) and antagonists hold preclinical therapeutic potential in modulating inflammatory cascades and preserving cervical barrier function. However, clinical translation faces three major bottlenecks: the lack of pregnancy-specific delivery systems, safety concerns arising from the multi-target nature of miRNAs, and the challenge of targeting multi-tissue synergistic pathological changes with single-agent interventions. Emerging strategies-including exosome-based delivery, ligand-modified nanocarriers, and combination therapies-are currently being explored. The multi-tissue miRNA framework proposed in this review integrates miRNA biomarkers for early risk stratification with targeted therapeutic interventions, providing a new theoretical foundation for research directions in personalized risk assessment and targeted intervention strategies for PTB.
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