A Clinical Demonstration of Individualized Restraint Fading.

Alison D Cox, Angeline Savard, Thurka Thillainathan, Asude Ayvaci, Meghan Dunnet

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Behavior analysis in practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Alison D CoxDepartment of Applied Disability Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1 Canada.

Angeline SavardSt. Catharines, ON Canada.

Thurka ThillainathanDepartment of Applied Disability Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1 Canada.

Asude AyvaciDepartment of Applied Disability Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1 Canada.

Meghan DunnetSt. Catharines, ON Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities who engage in severe problem behavior may often cause significant harm to themselves as well as their caregivers. It follows that severe problem behavior can interfere with skill acquisition and access to educational and community-based services. Behavior-analytic interventions primarily apply antecedent and consequence reinforcement-based treatments, which have substantial Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-025-01074-9.

Indexed as

Escape–extinctionPunishmentResearch-practice collaborationRestrictive intervention fadingSevere problem behaviorTherapeutic restraint

Identifiers

PMID42840376

DOI10.1007/s40617-025-01074-9

PMCPMC13638809

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.