Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42840071›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2026

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in Jalisco, Mexico: a snapshot of regional resistance (2021-2023).

Braulio Josué Méndez-Sotelo, Marco Antonio Delaye-Martínez, Adolfo Gómez-Quiroz, Sara Alejandra Aguirre-Díaz, Rodrigo Escobedo-Sánchez, José Manuel Ramírez-Rodríguez, Alba Guadalupe Juárez-Lomelí, Claudia Lara-Rangel, Constanza Otero, Nils Ramírez and 5 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Braulio Josué Méndez-SoteloInfectología, Hospital General León, León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
Marco Antonio Delaye-MartínezPlan de Estudios Combinados en Medicina (PECEM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Adolfo Gómez-QuirozLaboratorio de Microbiología Clínica. Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
Sara Alejandra Aguirre-DíazInfectología, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
Rodrigo Escobedo-SánchezInfectología, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
José Manuel Ramírez-RodríguezUnidad de Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Hospital San Javier, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
Alba Guadalupe Juárez-LomelíUnidad de Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Hospital San Javier, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
Claudia Lara-RangelLaboratorio, Hospital México Americano, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
Constanza OteroReal-World Evidence - Epidemiology & Clinical Data Management Latin America, Central America and The Caribbean.
Nils RamírezReal-World Evidence - Epidemiology & Clinical Data Management Latin America, Central America and The Caribbean.
Luisina Carozza-RenaudReal-World Evidence - Epidemiology & Clinical Data Management Latin America, Central America and The Caribbean.
Ixchel Magaña-MatienzoUrgencias, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico.
Elvira Garza-GonzálezDepartamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina., Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
Rafael Franco-CendejasSubdirección de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico.
Luis Esaú López-JácomeLaboratorio de Microbiología Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health threat, responsible for an estimated 4.9 million deaths worldwide and associated with increased morbi-mortality, and healthcare costs. The burden is particularly high in hospital settings, where multidrug-resistant pathogens, including ESKAPE group, are prevalent. However, in Mexico, epidemiological data remain limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of AMR among clinically relevant bacterial pathogens isolated in three hospitals in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, and to compare resistance patterns across hospital wards and clinical specimen types. Methods: A retrospective multicenter study was conducted from January 2021 to December 2023. Bacterial identification and susceptibility tests were performed using VITEK 2 and MicroScan WalkAway systems. Results were analyzed using WHONET and interpreted according to CLSI criteria. Clinical specimens included urine, blood, biopsies, abscesses, lower respiratory tract (LRT) specimens, and sterile fluids. Species analyzed included, Results: A total of 13,336 clinical isolates were analyzed, with Conclusions: This study reveals substantial AMR burden in Guadalajara, with particularly high levels among bloodstream pathogens, non-fermenters in LRT specimens, and carbapenem-resistant

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsBacteriaBacterial InfectionsDrug Resistance, BacterialDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialEscherichia coliHospitalsHumansKlebsiella pneumoniaeMexicoMicrobial Sensitivity TestsPrevalenceRetrospective StudiesAnti-Bacterial Agentsantimicrobial resistance (AMR)ESKAPE pathogenshospitalsMexicomicrobial

Identifiers

PMID42840071
PMCPMC13638417

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.