ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026
Efficacy of ketogenic diet on glycemic-lipid metabolism and menstrual regularity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by insulin resistance and menstrual irregularity. Ketogenic diet (KD) improves glycemic-lipid profiles and reduces inflammation, yet its efficacy on menstrual regularity in PCOS remains unclear. This trial evaluated KD effects on glycemic-lipid metabolism and menstrual restoration in PCOS women. Methods: This single-center, randomized, open-label, parallel-controlled preliminary exploratory trial enrolled 60 Chinese women with PCOS, randomly assigned to ketogenic diet (KD, Results: This study showed that improvements in body weight, waist circumference, and visceral fat area in PCOS patients were positively correlated with reductions in fasting insulin (FINS) and triglycerides (TG). Compared with SMD, the KD group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglycerides, and these differences remained significant after adjustment for baseline values using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Menstrual regularity was restored in 96.7% of KD participants versus 66.7% in the SMD group ( Conclusion: During the 12-week short-term intervention, the KD dietary intervention was superior to the SMD dietary intervention in improving insulin resistance and restoring menstrual regularity in women with PCOS. KD is suitable for acute metabolic intervention given its pronounced weight reduction and insulin sensitivity improvement; however, these findings were obtained in a single-center, exploratory trial and require validation in multi-center, larger-scale randomized controlled trials, and its long-term population impact and reproductive outcomes remain to be further investigated. SMD offers anti-inflammatory advantages and safety profiles conducive to long-term health maintenance. Therefore, a sequential strategy of initial KD followed by SMD transition is recommended to achieve sustained metabolic benefits and optimize fertility outcomes.
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