ArticleJournal of animal science and biotechnology2026
Effects of a low dose of 3-nitrooxypropanol and a combination of direct-fed microbials on methane emission, oral swab bacterial community, and performance in dairy cows.
Article in Journal of animal science and biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
background3-Nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) can inhibit ruminal methane production by inactivating the key enzyme during methanogenesis. Combining 3-NOP and direct-fed microbials (DFM) can potentially provide a dual-action approach to reduce ruminal methane production. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementation of a low dose of 3-NOP and a mixture of DFM, on methane emissions, performance, and rumen microbial community of dairy cows.
resultsForty-eight Danish Holstein dairy cows were used in a 14-week randomized complete block design. Due to a mixing error, 3-NOP was included at an unexpected low dose (6.0 mg/kg DM). Cows were fed with one of four experimental diets: (1) control diet, and other treatment diets were control diet supplemented with (2) 3-NOP, or with (3) DFM (12 mg/kg P. acidipropionici strain P169 and 120 mg/kg Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis mixture), or with (4) a combination of 3-NOP and DFM. 3-NOP inclusion did not affect DMI, feed efficiency, or milk yield and composition. DFM supplementation reduced partial mixed ration intake and total DMI. 3-NOP supplementation significantly reduced CH
conclusionsAn unforeseen reduced dose of 3-NOP supplementation still can effectively mitigate methane emissions (both production and intensity) and increase H
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