ArticleExperimental brain research2026
Modulation of human primary motor cortex plasticity during proactive and retroactive interference between motor practice and paired associative stimulation.
Article in Experimental brain research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Proactive and retroactive interference have been widely demonstrated behaviorally, but their neurophysiological effects have rarely been compared within the same experimental framework. This study compared the primary motor cortex (M1) plasticity responses when motor practice (MP) was performed before or after paired associative stimulation (PAS25) and explored whether these responses were accompanied by changes in intracortical inhibition. A within-subject design was employed. A right-hand precision grip task with real-time electromyographic feedback was used to examine practice-related refinement of feedback-guided motor control, and PAS25 was used to induce long-term potentiation-like plasticity in M1. Two combined intervention protocols were examined: MP followed by PAS25 (MP→PAS25) and PAS25 followed by MP (PAS25→MP), with PAS25 alone serving as the reference condition. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), short-interval intracortical inhibition, and long-interval intracortical inhibition were assessed before and immediately after each intervention protocol. MEP amplitude increased significantly following PAS25 alone, whereas significant pre-post reductions were observed across both the MP→PAS25 and PAS25→MP combined protocols. Post-intervention MEP amplitudes were significantly lower in both combined conditions than in the PAS25-alone condition, with no significant difference between the two combined conditions. No significant time × condition interactions were detected for short-interval intracortical inhibition or long-interval intracortical inhibition. Combining MP with PAS25 produced MEP responses that differed from PAS25 alone, while the two intervention orders showed similar post-intervention responses despite their opposite temporal order. These neurophysiological effects were not accompanied by detectable changes in the specific short-interval intracortical inhibition and long-interval intracortical inhibition measures assessed in the present study. The physiological processes underlying these effects remain to be determined.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42839175What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.