Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42839059›Full record

ReviewNature protocols2026

T cell immunomonitoring: a comparative analysis of traditional and novel methods to quantify and characterize human antigen-specific T cells.

Sandra Lazzaro, Geert Leroux-Roels, Sylvia Janetzki, Bruno Salaun, Laura Cook, Katka Franke, Isabel Poschke, Lukas Bunse, Marij J P Welters, Michael Fehlings and 12 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature protocols, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Sandra LazzaroCureVac SE, Tübingen, Germany. sandralazzaro1@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-9573-903X
Geert Leroux-RoelsCenter for Vaccinology (CEVAC), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5968-2542
Sylvia JanetzkiZellNet Consulting Inc., Fort Lee, NJ, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-9758-2186
Bruno SalaunGSK, Rixensart, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8927-8660
Laura CookDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3153-2045
Katka FrankeCureVac Netherlands B.V., Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-1673-9758
Isabel PoschkeCCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4387-5566
Lukas BunseCCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4490-7574
Marij J P WeltersDepartment of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8266
Michael FehlingsImmunoScape Pte Ltd, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0384-8408
Sofie PattynIqvia Laboratories, In Vitro Immunology, Gosselies, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8533-6459
Gwenn WaerlopCenter for Vaccinology (CEVAC), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3712-2979
Liselotte BrixImmudex, Virum, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2446-382X
Noah J TuboEvolution of Cancer, Leukemia, Post Stem Cell Transplant (ECLIPSE), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2961-7341
Jeffrey J MolldremUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1196-1715
Viola DenningerCureVac SE, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9770-8723
Wim J E van EschCureVac Netherlands B.V., Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7077-4349
Nikolaj Pagh KristensenMikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5073-7153
Yolanda D MahnkeFlowKnowHow LLC, Cos Cob, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2727-9887
Florian MairFlow Cytometry Core Facility, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6732-5449
Kilian SchoberMikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9323-9472
Sven D KochCureVac SE, Tübingen, Germany. sven.d.koch@outlook.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0448

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

T cells are a key component of the adaptive immune system, playing a central role in the body's defense against pathogens and diseases. Antigen discovery and longitudinal immunomonitoring of antigen-specific T cell responses offer valuable insights into the activity and efficacy of immunotherapies and can guide development of new prophylactic or therapeutic treatments, such as vaccines and cellular therapies. Traditional immunomonitoring methods for T cell analysis, while foundational, offer limited insights because of the complexity and vast heterogeneity of antigen-specific T cells. Here, traditional and cutting-edge technologies for profiling antigen-specific T cells are reviewed, highlighting the evolution from low- to high-dimensional analyses. The principles, applications, benefits and limitations of each technique are outlined, and the need for assay harmonization and standardization is discussed. The importance of careful sample processing is also considered. This review highlights how immunomonitoring techniques can complement each other to maximize understanding of T cell-mediated immunity, a key aspect shaping immunotherapeutic development, now and in the future.

Identifiers

PMID42839059

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.