Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42839042›Full record

ArticleJournal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology2026

Intra-individual variability of urinary non-persistent chemical concentrations during pregnancy in the ECHO Cohort.

Giehae Choi, Xiaoshuang Xun, Deborah H Bennett, John D Meeker, Sheela Sathyanarayana, Susan L Schantz, Leonardo Trasande, Deborah J Watkins, Edo Pellizzari, Wenlong Li and 4 more

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Article in Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Giehae ChoiDepartment of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Xiaoshuang XunDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Deborah H BennettDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
John D MeekerDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Sheela SathyanarayanaDepartment of Pediatrics and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Susan L SchantzBeckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Leonardo TrasandeDepartments of Pediatrics and Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Wagner School of Pediatrics, New York, NY, USA.
Deborah J WatkinsDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Edo PellizzariFellow Program, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Wenlong LiWadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, USA.
Kurunthachalam KannanWadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, USA.
Tracey J WoodruffDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Medicine and the Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. traceyw@stanford.edu.
Jessie P BuckleyDepartment of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. jessie.buckley@unc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7976-0157
ECHO Cohort Consortium

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundStudies of prenatal exposure to non-persistent chemicals often assume biomarker measurements from a single urine sample can represent exposure pregnancy. The validity of this assumption depends on biomarker concentration variability across gestation, which is not well-characterized for many chemicals.

objectiveTo assess the intra-individual variability of non-persistent chemical concentrations measured in 3 pregnancy urine samples.

methodsWe measured 154 analytes from 12 classes in 3 urine samples collected across gestation from 90 participants in 3 Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Cohort sites. For each cohort site, we estimated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of 58 analytes with >60% detection using log2-transformed concentrations of specific gravity (SG)-standardized values. We classified analyte ICCs by the site-specific median relative to the limits of detection (LODs) to evaluate the influence of exposure levels on reliability estimates. As secondary analyses, we calculated kappa statistics for 56 analytes with 20-60% detection to assess agreement of detection frequencies across the 3 timepoints.

resultsICCs (range: -0.12 to 0.91) varied by cohort site, except for benzophenone-1 and propyl paraben (consistently >0.5) and bisphenol F (consistently <0.1). We observed site-specific trends for parabens, benzophenones, antimicrobials, phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and aromatic amines. Analytes with median:LOD ratios >50 were more stable throughout pregnancy (e.g., benzophenones, propyl paraben, antimicrobials, and naphthalenes), except for some phthalate metabolites, which may indicate high sporadic exposures. Analytes with median:LOD ratios <10 had lower ICCs, except for benzophenone-8, which may indicate low-level chronic exposure. Kappa statistics of the 56 analytes with 20-60% detection ranged from -0.22 to 0.53. SIGNIFICANCE: ICCs varied by cohort site. Lower ICCs were generally observed for analytes with lower concentrations. For the majority of non-persistent chemicals, a single pregnancy measure may better represent exposure near the time of sample collection rather than for the entire pregnancy. IMPACT: Understanding the intra-individual variability of urinary non-persistent chemical biomarkers across multiple pregnancy timepoints is important to inform study design, statistical analysis, and interpretation in future studies.

Indexed as

Aromatic aminesIntra-individual variabilityMelaminePesticidesPhenolsPhthalates

Identifiers

PMID42839042

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.