ArticleBMJ open2026
Stressful and potentially traumatic life events and satisfaction with life among Norwegian adults: cross-sectional results from the seventh survey of the Tromsø study.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo examine the association between interpersonal and impersonal stressful and potentially traumatic life events (SLEs/PTEs) and satisfaction with life (SWL), and to assess the extent to which this relationship is mediated by mental distress, somatic health and social factors.
designCross-sectional study.
settingPopulation-based study in Tromsø, Norway.
participantsA total of 21 069 adults aged ≥40 years from the seventh wave of the Tromsø Study (mean age 57.3 years). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: SWL measured using the Satisfaction With Life Scale-3.
methodsLinear regression analyses and structural equation modelling (SEM) were used to examine associations between SLEs/PTEs and SWL and to assess direct and indirect effects via mental distress, somatic health, cohabitation status, perceived social support and self-reliance.
resultsBoth interpersonal (B = -0.11, p<0.001) and impersonal SLEs/PTEs (B = -0.05, p<0.001) were significantly associated with lower SWL. SEM analyses indicated that SLEs/PTEs had both direct negative effects on SWL (interpersonal SLE/PTE: B = -0.15, p<0.001, impersonal SLE/PTE: B = -0.06, p<0.001) and indirect effects through mental distress, somatic health, living with a partner, having friends to confide in and self-reliance.
conclusionsExposure to SLEs/PTEs is associated with reduced life satisfaction, with both direct and indirect pathways via mental and somatic health and social support. Interpersonal SLEs/PTEs appear to have a stronger negative impact on SWL than impersonal events.
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