Trial reportJournal of medical Internet research2026
Effects of Virtual Reality on Pain, Anxiety, and Fear During Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy: Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Journal of medical Internet research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06792929 (Effects of Virtual Reality on Pain, Anxiety, and Fear During Thyroid Fine-needle Aspiration Biopsy), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Effects of Virtual Reality on Pain, Anxiety, and Fear During Thyroid Fine-needle Aspiration Biopsy: an Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a commonly used diagnostic procedure in patients with suspected thyroid cancer; however, it may induce pain, anxiety, and fear during the procedure.
objectiveThis open-label randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effect of virtual reality (VR) on pain as the primary outcome and anxiety and fear of pain as secondary outcomes in patients undergoing thyroid FNAB.
methodsThe study was conducted between January 19, 2025, and April 30, 2025, at Gaziantep City Hospital, Türkiye. A total of 100 patients with suspected thyroid nodules were randomly assigned to either a VR intervention group (n=50) or a control group (n=50). Data were collected using a patient information form, the visual analog scale (VAS), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Fear of Pain Questionnaire-III (FPQ-III).
resultsAfter adjustment for baseline pain, previous thyroid mass diagnosis, and voice tone changes, the VR group had statistically significantly lower postintervention pain scores than the control group (adjusted mean 3.627 vs 4.493; F
conclusionsThe adjusted analysis suggested a small reduction in procedural pain with VR; however, the between-group difference was not statistically significant in the unadjusted analysis and reached statistical significance only after adjustment for baseline pain and 2 nonprespecified covariates selected on the basis of observed baseline imbalance. Moreover, the observed adjusted effect (f=0.207) was smaller than the minimum effect size the trial was powered to detect (f=0.283). No statistically significant adjusted between-group effects were found for anxiety or fear of pain. Therefore, the potential analgesic effect of VR should be interpreted cautiously and confirmed in larger, adequately powered trials.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT06792929; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06792929.
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